INTRODUCTION

Sierra Leone is bounded on the north-west, north and north-east by the Republic Guinea, on the south-east by the Republic of Liberia and on south-west by the Atlantic Ocean. It has an space of 27,925 sq. miles. The colony of Sierra Leone originated within the sale and cession in 1787 by native chiefs to English settlers of a chunk of land supposed as a residence for African settlers who have been waifs in London and later it was employed as a settlement for freed African slaves. The hinterland was declared a British Protectorate on twenty first August, 1896. Sierra Leone attained independence on twenty seventh April, 1961 and turned a Republic in 1971. Schooling is furnished by equally private and condition-sponsored colleges. The most recent process of instruction is 6-3-4-4 (that’s six a few years Main faculty, 3 yrs Junior Secondary College, 4 many years Senior Secondary School and 4 a very long time tertiary/greater coaching. This methodology is complemented by non- formal schooling.

Concept OF Instruction

Schooling is commonly used within the notion of instruction within the classroom, laboratory, workshop or home science house and is made up principally within the imparting by the teacher, and the acquisition by pupils, of information and psychological in addition to information skills. A wider that means than instruction is that of schooling. That’s to say all that goes on inside simply the college as a part of the pupil’s day by day life there. It options, amongst different components, marriage amongst pupils and lecturers, pupils and pupils each equally in and outdoor the college. J. S. Mill (1931) opined that no matter aids to kind the human attending to make the distinctive what he’s or hinder him from changing into what he isn’t is a part of his coaching. Implicitly schooling is lifelong and ubiquitous it’s the sum complete of all influences which go to make a human being what he’s, from delivery to dying. It comprises the residence, our neighbors, and the road amongst different people.

Schooling and studying is to some extent a deliberate deliberate methodology devised and performed by the educator with the explanation of imbuing the learner with specified information, strategies, of head and physique as properly as modes of conduct regarded engaging. In portion it’s the learner’s have response to the surroundings wherein he life. Schooling has three focal factors: the particular/individual upon whom the educator’s influences are launched to bear the society or neighborhood to which he belongs and the complete context of actuality wherein the individual and society have interaction of their half. Man is a social creature he grows as a person or girl by means of the affect of character on character and even for his commonplace bodily wants he relies on the assist and cooperation of his fellow males and women. With out tradition and the mutual help and enrichment of actions which it presents civilization is unattainable and the existence of man, in Hobbes’ textual content, is “solitary, very poor, horrible, brutish and temporary.”

An individual of the fundamental information of human existence is the stress among the many pull of the earlier and the forward urge into the long term, between stability and regulate, custom and innovation. For environment friendly residing,individual requires a circle of safety, an location of established routines and romantic relationship which types trusted relationships. That is additionally appropriate of recent society. For its productive working there should be an basic continuity of traditions and outlook which preserves its id as a society and safeguards it from the disruptive outcomes of alter. Change have to be for existence and never static however this enhance in flip have to be managed by the important traditions of tradition. It’s custom which presents a nation its character and distinctiveness as a contemporary society. The conservation of custom because of this is after all crucial.

It has been regarded from time immemorial that the conservation of typical instruction has an important side to carry out within the progress of the toddler. The children of these days are the adults of tomorrow they must be skilled due to this fact, to inherit and perpetuate the beliefs and modes of day by day life peculiar to the actual society to which they belong. For every fashionable society has the motivation to guard by itself not solely bodily however as group consciously sharing certain goals, beliefs and designs of habits. This form of schooling is just not all the time formal in universities via classroom instruction however that effected not directly by way of the family and thru the affect on the person of social influences and customs which the teen cannot evade. In Sierra Leone this social schooling and studying bundled elaborate ceremonies of initiation involving feats of stamina wherein youthful gents and ladies of all ages must show themselves worthy of the neighborhood. The last word function was to generate an particular who was simple, respectful, proficient, cooperative, and who may conform to the social get of the day. As Aristotle as quickly as talked about “the construction of a state will endure if education is uncared for. The residents of a degree out actually ought to all the time be educated to accommodate the structure of the state. The type of character appropriate to a structure is the vitality which carries on to maintain it as it’s also the situation stress which initially produced it” (p. I).

Standard Schooling IN Tradition

Customary coaching has each equally a creative and conservation function in tradition it’s a spectacular implies of preserving a society’s customs, if not custom. Within the earlier the mom nature and desires of society carried out a important factor in figuring out the character of schooling and studying. Professor M.V.C. Jeffreys (1950) the second wrote in his e e-book, Glaucon, that “in a tranquil society the tutorial methodology will are prone to replicate the social sample, despite the fact that social uneasiness and instability produce alternative for using schooling and studying as an instrument of social change”(p.7). An analogous see was shared by John Dewey (1897) who opined that by way of instruction society can formulate its particular person wants, can handle its private means and property and therefore preserve itself with definiteness and monetary system within the course wherein it must shift. Education appears every to the sooner and the upcoming inevitably it displays the traditions and character of society. Conventional instruction may be employed to arrange for variations in tradition and foresee and keep away from modifications or the outcomes of enhancements in tradition.

Widespread instruction conserves and fingers on the customs and methods of lifetime which represent the character of a contemporary society and maintains its unity. It additionally will assist fashionable society to interpret its capabilities in new methods to satisfy the problems of alter, looking for means or traces of development that are fixed with the traditions and customs and can at the exact same time improve society to a further complete achievement of itself.
Basic Instructional Establishments IN SIERRA LEONE

Background reveals that there have been being no official schools wherein younger kids have been being educated in Pre-colonial Sierra Leone. The Poro and Bondo/Sande Thriller Societies have been appeared on as institutions to show babies. They’ve been bush schools. And the instruction these bush academic amenities offered was informal. Babies who went by way of these resolution societies have been being deemed in a position of finishing up their civic duties. They turned grown ups and may marry and begin existence. They thought-about them selves as one specific members of the family. In different phrases each of these Secret Societies designed a sense of comradeship and unity amongst customers no matter family, clan or ethnic affiliation. It was therefore regarded that little ones who had not lengthy passed by these magic components societies ended up not completely matured.

The Poro High secret Tradition is for boys. The spiritual head of the Poro Society is Pa Gbonu, witnessed solely by the older graduates or members. The bodily heads are the Pa Sama Yorgbors and Pa Somanos. They direct the issues to do of the establishment. The senior instructors are the Pa Kashis, who usually prepare and provides steerage to different initiators. The Pa Manchiyas function instructors to the initiates despite the fact that the Kachemas are the scaring spirits. They scare the ladies and kids alike collectively with the brand new initiates. The Rakas are the errand boys carrying messages all-around. The Yambas are the pinnacle boys. The Bomos are the senior prefects despite the fact that the Sayboms are the prefects and the screens are the Gbanaboms. Informal classes are held within the Magic components Poro Bush. The subjects taught incorporate Resourceful Helpful Arts, Doing Arts, Helpful Agriculture, Medicine i.e. use of close by herbs for the treatment of distinctive illnesses), warfare and different capabilities. In Imaginative Purposeful Arts initiates are taught how one can make fishing nets, baskets, mats, and carving wood and cleansing cleaning soap stones into distinctive objects corresponding to animals and people in Executing Arts initiates are taught singing, dancing and the usage of Poro musical gadgets. In Lifelike Agriculture initiates observe farming. Boys are taught to bear hardship with out having grievance and improve accustomed to it. Therefore they’re taken to the farms of their lecturers and elders to function on professional bono basis. Then again all via the harvest interval initiates may transfer on account of these farms taking no matter they must have and devour with out being questioned by farm proprietors. Initiates are taught to treat elders and use of weapons to kill animals. In a comparable vein initiates are taught how one can use weapons in stopping in protection of their communities. Different experience initiates are taught contain constructing fish traps, fishing and looking out net, and basketry. In the usage of herbs initiates fork out revenue (some freely specified) for therapeutic quite a few sicknesses as very nicely as for cover from enemies, evil spirits and snake bites. Initiates who need to lead to hurt to different folks making use of herbs may ‘redeem’ the herb/medicine concerned. Above all initiates are taught a brand new Language spoken solely by members known as Ke Sornor. For illustration fonka trika which suggests I’m speaking to you fonka bonomi which suggests Chat to me. The usage of this new Language would make graduates actually joyful and sense completely different from non-initiates. Graduates seem out with new names corresponding to Lamp, Langba and Kolerr. A commencement ceremony climaxes the event.

Dad and mother make monumental preparations along with stitching apparel for the graduates. To mark the commencement ceremony there may be feasting, consuming, dancing and singing reward music for the graduates and their dad and mom. All these succesful for initiation will need to have been circumcised and developed to age of puberty. They must stay on their very personal via the interval of education which ranges from an individual to seven years. Graduates are absolutely admitted to the usual Poro tradition on account of an extra ceremony recognized as Enkorie, which lasts for 4 days.

The Bondo/Sande Fashionable society is the institution wherein ladies are educated for womanhood. Its spiritual head is Na Bondigba. The Na Gboyamas and Na Wulus are the precise bodily heads. These have religious powers utilized to predict the upcoming and seize witches. They’re the senior academics. The Na Sokos are the providers lecturers. They will provoke ladies even as much as the superior stage of the Society. The Digbas are the final lecturers and keep close to to the initiates. The Sampas are the skillful dancers and errand women/ladies of all ages. They make bulletins concerning the progress and routines or packages in the middle of the commencement ceremony.

The Na Fets, because the title implies have no idea all of the secrecy of the establishment. They carry the institutional implements and regalia. The Karr Ayeamus are the ‘waiters’ to be initiated into the larger place of the institution. Women admitted to the Bondo/Sande Fashionable society are educated informally. Courses are held at Kantha or sacred property. The teachers are primarily concerned with the transmission to those adolescent ladies the strategies and understanding which grownup females are envisioned to have in buy to carry out adequately and intelligently of their group. The themes women are taught embody issues like Cooking, Finishing up Arts, Fishing, Accomplice and Child Therapy, and Residence Administration. In Cooking women are taught how one can put collectively meals objects by remark and participation within the preparation of various dishes and are in a while permitted to have a go along with minor or no supervision. All those that couldn’t prepare dinner dinner successfully are allowed to repeat. In Endeavor Arts ladies are taught how one can compose and sing songs and how one can defeat the Bondo/Sande drums (sambories). Together with singing ladies are taught how one can dance and people individuals who dance correctly could be part of the hierarchy of the Sampas. Ladies are additionally taught how one can fishing, make fishing nets, fishing baskets, sleeping mats from bamboo and palm leaves. Much more ladies are taught how one can assist their potential husbands and how one can get care of youngsters specifically these of senior clients. Just like the Poro Tradition commencement ceremonies are marked by large preparations. Each of these mothers and dads and potential husbands would purchase new apparel, slippers, perfumes, powder, and beads to make neck laces. On the working day of the commencement ceremony the brand new initiates are arrayed in white with coronets. They happen out with new names these as Burah, Yeanor, Rukor and Yainkain. This demonstrates an indication of maturity. Initiating women into Bondo/Sande tradition lasts in between a few months and three a few years.

Worries

If instruction has the necessary function of perpetuating the traditions and values of recent society, of adapting them to a remodeling environment, and of elevating them to richer and much more fruitful expression then each the Poro and Bondo/Sande Answer Societies, as commonplace brokers of this method want to thrill ready of the perfect esteem. By these high secret societies the nation’s tradition flows from one period to the opposite and the aspirations of society are centered with private and telling persuasion upon the youthful. They stand at a stage the place the energies of little ones are produced into new and imaginative prospects. By these secret societies babies bear in mind the earlier capabilities of their predecessors. They help in behavioral educating designs of tradition. These societies are establishments of inspiration and each politicians and chiefs use them to learn. That’s to presumably achieve or protect energy. Predominant and binding decisions are taken within the Poro Bush of which solely customers are allowed to go to and get part. The Poro Thriller Fashionable society capabilities as a take a look at in direction of the abuse of vitality. In catastrophe ridden predicaments necessary choice are taken within the Poro Bush. The Poro tradition even capabilities as arbitrator in chiefdom disputes and will promulgate typical laws and management buying and selling strategies. It’s also included within the burial of chiefs and different essential regional officers (Alie, 1990).

Western schooling and studying has existed within the state for very lengthy and is now so integral part of the civilized existence that there’s a inclination to presume that it’s the most important or sole technique of imparting skills, understanding and social values in kids. This isn’t the circumstance in Sierra Leone. The significance of the Poro and Bondo common high secret societies should not in a position to be extra than-sighted since of their monumental potentiality in educating younger kids for on a regular basis dwelling in society. Important is that regard for people as folks is the muse of typical fashionable society. Linked with that is courtesy, sensitivity to the needs of many others, cooperativeness, self-discipline, ethical and bodily braveness, difficult function and enormous requirements of accomplishment. These are handed on to kids within the pure surroundings wherein they’re part of their every single day actions. However, these common establishments as brokers of schooling and studying at the moment are confronted with fairly just a few points there-by forcing their demise. The observe of girl genital circumcision is of intercontinental problem and in Sierra Leone folks at this time are agitating for its general ban. At current ladies are allowed to be circumcised at age eighteen via which era a child is perceived to be matured loads of to pick out whether or not or to not be initiated into the Bondo/Sande resolution tradition. As well as the time interval of initiation is perceived additionally prolonged and is getting challenged. Furthermore babies today no for an extended interval must be initiated into these societies to be taught how one can be clear, put together dinner, rear youngsters, apply agriculture, and inculcate morals and virtues to quote just a few illustrations. All these may very well be learnt presumably in or exterior the home formal education by means of trying via. What’s way more Faith, primarily Christianity and Islam, western day by day life, as completely as rural-urban migration are forcing these high secret societies to obliteration.

Furthermore the routines and performance of those typical societies should not in curriculum kind and documented. Neither is also the usage of herbs documented. In consequence by discontinuing these typical magic components societies Sierra Leoneans stand to lose their cultural heritage. If alternatively, education has the necessary function of perpetuating the traditions and values of society, of adapting them to a modifying ecosystem, and of boosting them to a richer and additional fruitful expression then these traditional magic components societies, as brokers of this process should enjoyment of a placement of the best esteem. By the use of these societies the nationwide custom flows from only one era to a distinct and the aspirations of tradition are focused with private and telling persuasion upon the youthful. These magic components societies stand on the problem wherein the energies of babies are launched into new and creative options.